The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the government agency responsible for combating environmental threats, does not appear to be interested in implementing the ASEAN agreement. It focuses more on “project-based” actions, such as the distribution of firefighting machines to the Community. In 2002, ASEAN members agreed on the ASEAN Convention on Cross-Border Haze Pollution (AATHP). This was a response to a fog crisis after large forest fires in Indonesia brought an end to heavy smog in neighbouring countries between 1997 and 1998. The ASEAN agreement on cross-border haze pollution is a legally binding environmental agreement signed in 2002 by the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to reduce pollution in southeast Asia. [1] The agreement recognizes that cross-border pollution caused by forest fires and/or forest fires should be mitigated by a concerted national effort and international cooperation. This agreement is a response to an ecological crisis that hit Southeast Asia in the late 1990s. The crisis was caused mainly by the grubbing up of agricultural land by open combustion islets on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. Satellite images confirmed the presence of hotspots in Kalimantan/Borneo, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and other locations, where an estimated 45,000 square kilometres of forest and land were burned. [3] Malaysia, Singapore and, to some extent, Thailand and Brunei were particularly hard hit. [7] Point 14 of the 15th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on the Environment and the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the ASEAN Convention on Cross-Border Haze Pollution. asean.org/15th-asean-ministerial-meeting-environment-15th-meeting-conference-parties-asean-agreement-transboundary-haze-pollution/ [8] www.thejakartapost.com/seasia/2019/10/14/aichr-representatives-call-for-implementation-of-haze-treaty.html What is in the agreement? What part of the turr regulates it? Are there provisions that have economic or other resources? The contract did not prevent the annual return of low tide between 2004 and 2010 and once again in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Recently, Indonesia has become the world`s third largest emitter of greenhouse gases, with 75% of its emissions due to deforestation.

[11] Cross-border pollution has been on ASEAN`s agenda for 25 years. Key milestones include the 1985 Agreement on Nature and Natural Resources Conservation, the 1995 Cross-Border Pollution Cooperation Plan and the Haze Technical Task Force Monitoring Group, and the establishment of the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Haze in 1997, which gave rise to the Haze Regional Action Plan (RHAP). All of these entities were soft legislation entities and therefore had no legal effects or obligations for environmentally harmful Member States. Throughout the 2019 fire season, Greenpeace Indonesia researchers have observed and analyzed fires and fires over the region using the Schedule III methodology. In addition to the analysis of remote sensing data, a number of soil studies have been conducted. [20] [6]www.nst.com.my/news/2016/09/174356/study-estimates-100000-early-deaths-indonesia-haze It took 11 years before Indonesia ratified the agreement in 2014.